Sickle+cell+anemia

Sickle Cell Anemia  ||
 * Who first discovered this disorder? Where, when and under what circumstances was it discovered? || James B. Herrick discovered sickle cell anemia in 1910. He discovered sickle cell anemia in the United States when a dental student came to Herrick experiencing the symptoms. Herrick gave the patient to another doctor to examine. Herrick saw the shape of the blood cells in the student and published an article in which he used the term “sickle shaped cells”. ||
 * [[image:https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/QteadZuXLAB9Zm6iCx3PC_waSU3DLeDqzgQbszSTgcghrtWogZ3xgWLlSqL4KghF1VcwBdN4w_mSrVF-zzvGirg4HP2hdTSxTLeGf_zZdJhSzQvHiTiWItXrjFE9Xl7gFsHG87Hl width="297" height="171"]] || The name “sickle cell” comes from the shape of the red blood cell. ||
 * What are the symptoms or characteristics associated with this disorder? At what age do the symptoms begin? Are the symptoms treatable? If so, how? Is the disorder fatal? || Symptoms may include: anemia, episodes of pain, painful swelling of hands and feet, frequent infections, delayed growth, and vision problems. Sickle cell anemia is present at birth but most symptoms don’t start to appear until they are more than 4 months old. The only treatment for painful symptoms is pain medications and Hydroxyurea which is used to prevent pain. This disease can be fatal. ||
 * The Sickle cells carry abnormal hemoglobin that doesn’t move through the veins easily which causes it to stick to the walls of the veins. || [[image:https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/MllmTiAN67oXxZDQY8HtOyn7Zeucdbz7qN6sm50hkoZF9B1A-jrQtZ9Nes0TW_-SLKUKButMPdtrRM1QkohgzpsNjApzf0TjjvIHwhaEKetRuvcCI-VLrtCEAdR6owLsVrJHP6d_ width="303" height="212"]] ||
 * [[image:https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/poiqcJrIDwJAzJfLZZjEVTpTtOVxmSfbUn5D5Xg4lQmbNMk1ot0E3tkAw5AleRuJfUyVfy4rCuisXyUlrqgDonjwRhGaxR62Ld9XsOXsNoUClvTaLz8HBFDmRLR6Rueijn4TMo-5 width="298" height="199"]] || The Sickle cells can block the veins and stops the blood flow. ||
 * What is the inheritance pattern of the disorder: dominant, recessive, sex-linked, autosomal, other? || The inheritance pattern of Sickle cell anemia is autosomal recessive. ||
 * Are there any environmental factors that can affect the symptoms? (either aggravate or alleviate) || Extreme temperatures and high altitudes can trigger minor complications. ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #a64d79; font-family: Crushed; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">How common is the disorder? Does it occur more frequently in certain parts of the world or in certain ethnic groups or in one sex? || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #e69138; font-family: Alegreya; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Sickle cell anemia is the most common inherited blood disorder in the United States. It affects 70,000 to 18,000 Americans. The disease is most common among people whose ancestors come from Africa and Mediterranean countries, and Spanish-speaking regions in South America, Central America, and parts of the Caribbean. ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #f6b26b; font-family: Crushed; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">What tests are done to confirm a diagnosis of this disorder? || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #d5a6bd; font-family: Alegreya; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">A blood test that checks for hemoglobin S is a test that will check for Sickle cell anemia. This test is done on newborns at the hospital. Adults and children can be tested as well. ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #f6b26b; font-family: Crushed; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">[[image:https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/1Wo1ykj9lpetqElbn7XfBWcSQbgg2fX5HL8veRMuiUVFNSFqQmHyK_TMR12TefOL136C-RH_X0AhA3lJA4B4SKWYmKuwVjXVsAI334yrVWM6GCIjFFSM63cGobBJq5Wq6gf6UU0l width="298" height="199"]] || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0000ff; font-family: Alegreya; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Blood tests will determine whether a person has Sickle cell anemia. ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #dd7e6b; font-family: Crushed; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Which chromosome(s) is responsible for this disorder? Is it caused by a gene mutation? Which gene is involved? Is it caused by a chromosomal mutation? Which type: nondisjunction, deletion, inversion, etc.? || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #4dffbd; font-family: Alegreya; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">The chromosome that is responsible for Sickle cell anemia is chromosome 11. It is caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin-Beta gene on chromosome 11.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #76a5af; font-family: Crushed; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Works cited: || <span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Alegreya; font-size: 14pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Mayo Clinic- <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Alegreya; font-size: 14pt; vertical-align: baseline;">[]

<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Alegreya; font-size: 14pt; vertical-align: baseline;">A Brief history of Sickle Cell Disease- <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Alegreya; font-size: 14pt; vertical-align: baseline;">[]

<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Alegreya; font-size: 14pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Medline Plus- <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Alegreya; font-size: 14pt; vertical-align: baseline;">[]

<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Alegreya; font-size: 14pt; vertical-align: baseline;">The New England Journal of Medicine- <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Alegreya; font-size: 14pt; vertical-align: baseline;">[]

<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Alegreya; font-size: 14pt; vertical-align: baseline;">European Hematology Association- <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Alegreya; font-size: 14pt; vertical-align: baseline;">[]

<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Alegreya; font-size: 14pt; vertical-align: baseline;">U.S. National Library of Medicine- <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Alegreya; font-size: 14pt; vertical-align: baseline;">[|https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/sickle-cell-disease#]

<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Alegreya; font-size: 14pt; vertical-align: baseline;">National Human Genome Research Institute- <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Alegreya; font-size: 14pt; vertical-align: baseline;">[] ||