Membrane+Pumps

= MEMBRANE PUMPS =


 * 1. Explain the cell transport concept you were assigned. **

In membrane pumps the protein molecule changes it shape for a portion of time, allowing substances to cross the cell membrane. It does this to let the needed molecules to go across the membrane. In this movement energy is needed to change the shape of the molecule. This transport is as active transport and usually involves potassium, sodium and calcium ions. This transport moves particles from low to high concentration, it's an active transport type. There are two main transports, passive and active. Passive transport does not need energy, but active transport does need energy.


 * 2. What do the parts of the term mean? **

Membrane mean a thin layer of tissue covering a surface or lining a cavity, space or organ. A system that supplies energy for transport against a chemical gradient, as the sodium pump for the transfer of sodium and potassium ions across a cell membrane. Pumps is an example of transport used in cells for doing many things, moving molecules or helping move cells. It’s a type of active transport and needs energy, the transport is needed in the body.


 * 3. When were the ideas for this cell transport concept first explored? Which scientists have been involved in the development of the concept? Which part of the world? **

The study of membrane pumps were started in 1930s. Although before the idea was studied a bit in the 18th century. Three main scientists have been included in the studying of cell transports. Thomas Südho, James Rothman, Randy Schekman, are all scientist and helped find the information of what we know for membrane pumps. They won the Noble prize award in 2013, for studies on cell transport. The studies we here in the United States, but Thomas Südho was originally from Germany. James Rothman and Randy Schekman are from the United States. James Rothman went to college at Yale University and Randy Schekman went to the University of California at Berkeley, both studied science and were scientists. Thomas Südhof went to Stanford University, also studying to become a scientist.


 * 1) ** How does it affect an animal cell? a plant cell? Is it ever dangerous to the cell? **

Membrane pumps affect animals cells because it uses the energy released to pump protons, which pump lysosomes and other acidic vesicles. In the same way it maintains the function of the pH level in the plant cell. The loss of water causes the cells to shrivel up, the addition of water makes the cells pop. In animal cells shriveling is called crenating. Too much water causes it to pop and over swell. Plasmolysis occurs in plant cells and causes the cell membrane to move away from the cell wall. It is dangerous for a cell when the membrane pumps doesn't work anymore and the transport causes problems.


 * 1) ** Give an example of how it is utilized in the human body. **

In the body active and passive transports are used in the body for many things. One of the main one it helps with is moving molecules quicker. It also helps because without membrane pumps we wouldn’t be able to maintain a solid homeostasis. It helps keep all the conditions in range, so there all healthy. As we learned in the beginning of biology class, containing a homeostasis is the best thing for the body and most important. Without it there would be no body and every living thing would die.

= ANOLAGY = <span style="font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 14pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Brownies: eggs <span style="font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 14pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Active transport needs energy to work in the body <span style="font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 14pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Active transport: energy

<span style="font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 14pt; vertical-align: baseline;">For my analogy I choose to use brownies and eggs as an example, because to have brownies be made, you need eggs to finish the ingredients and make them. Then I used active transports, because for active transport you need energy for it to be able to do the things it can do. Cell membrane is an active transport so it’s a good analogy to do, because my project is on an example if active transport.

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<span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 14pt; vertical-align: baseline;">[|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_transport#History]